Tha Water Cycle The "first" step in the water cycle is when water in oceans, lakes, or other bodies/collections of water is warmed up by the Sun. Heat adds energy to matter. This causes the molecules in the water to move faster and farther apart, until they move so far apart that they become a gas instead of a liquid - the water becomes water vapor. Eventually the water vapour condenses into clouds. This means that the particles in the water vapour slow down and cool off, resulting in them becoming water droplets. These water droplets group together to form clouds. This is why a parachutist unfortunate enough to fall through a cloud would end up covered in water droplets. When enough water droplets (remember, these are usually very small to begin with) form 'inside' clouds, they become heavy enough to fall towards the Earth. This is usually observed as rain, but Precipitation can also occur as snow, hail, sleet, etc., depending on temperatures and humidity. Runoff is when water travels across land. Rain will land in the ground, streets, oceans, and in streams and rivers. Eventually it makes its way to a body of water. After a while, the water is evaporated and the water cycle repeats. The Carbon Cycle Starts with Carbon in the atmosphere, plants pull the Carbon dioxide out of the air through photosynthesis. Consumers eat plants, and digest parts of the carbon. through respiration, consumers release them back into the atmosphere. When the animal dies off, it eventually evolves into fossil fuels, which is made up largely of carbon. Humans use the fossil fuels and release the carbon into the air. The Nitrogen Cycle Starts with Nitrogen in the atmosphere. The nitrogen gets into the ground through nitrogen fixation (Lightning & Bacteria. Consumers consume plants that absorb the nitrogen from the soil, and when the animal dies and decays, the nitrogen is released from its body and is absorbed back in the soil. We use the nitrogen in fossil fuels to make fertilizers. When it rains, the Nitrogen is washed away (runoff) into surface water, or be absorbed into the ground (Ground Water). The runoff of the nitrogen into the surface water is that it destroys all the oxygen build up in the water, called Eutrophication. The Phosphorus Cycle The Phosphorus Cycle starts with the weathering of rocks. This releases phosphorus into the ecosystem. The phosphorus is absorbed by plants, which are consumed by animals. When the plants or animals die, they release the phosphorus back into the soil through decomposition. Through mining, we use the phosphorus and put it into fertilizers, which is once again consumed by the ground, and released into surface water. Which causes Eutrophication.<span>Full transcript</span>
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Objects appear different colours because they absorb some colours (wavelengths) and reflected or transmit other colours. ... For example, a red shirt looks red because the dye molecules in the fabric have absorbed the wavelengths of light from the violet/blue end of the spectrum.
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mitochondria
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Oxidative phosphorylation is the process where energy is harnessed through a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner-membrane of mitochondria (called the electron transport chain and ATP synthase) to create ATP.
The typical light microscope at its maximum magnification power has a resolution of 200 nm. The light microscope is able to view and distinguish between two lines or points that are no less than 200 nm apart. Since our membrane of interest is 8 nm apart, it won't be visible under the light microscope. Several such membranes are needed to lined side by side to make the viewing possible. The number of membranes should be, 
= 25.
