Answer:
Temperate coniferous forest is a terrestrial biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Temperate coniferous forests are found predominantly in areas with warm summers and cool winters, and vary in their kinds of plant life.
D. Lava plateau
They are formed when lava flows from the volcano & build up over time as the molten lava is deposited & cools.
The first one is commensalism. The second one is mutualism. The last one is parasitism.
Hormones -- such as melatonin and cortisol; the former signals the body to go to bed, while the latter signals for the sleeping person to wake up -- are created by physiological changes.