Local governments consist of the formation of conduits and cities. The territorial formation of the states refers to the colonization of the thirteen colonies and the independence of the USA that culminated in the American Constitution that outlined state powers as federative entities. Each state has conduits and/or cities that form local governments.
Big stick ideology, big stick diplomacy, or big stick policy refers to U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy: "speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far."