1. In the data set, the sum of all the data points, divided by the number of data points; the average. 2. To find the mean, you add up all the data, and then divide by the number of data.
If I wanted to get a better salary, my boss and I would have to bargain to figure out what is fair. A big example with this is in factories with working conditions. For example, wanting a certain amount of break time, or having drinks included with their work, etc. I don't know what they examples are, but this definition should help you out. If it doesn't, just comment what the examples are and I'll help figure out which one it is.
It is false that Communism was the dominant economic force of the twentieth century, although it certainly overtook a great deal of territory. Capitalism was still overall dominant.
New Orleans was significant during the Civil War, because the city was divided. The northern part was controlled by the Union Army, but the southern part was still Confederate so they were spared from the Emancipation Proclamation. Many cities in the South were destroyed, but New Orleans was largely spared. Many African-American troops fought for the North and most of New Orleans was captured and controlled by the Union Army early on in the war.