For Gradualism, changes in species is slow and gradual, occurring in small periodic changes in the gene pool, whereas for Punctuated Equilibrium, evolution occurs in spurts of relatively rapid change with long periods of non-change
In the two maps that show the allele frequency of sickled hemoglobin (HbS) and malaria endemicity in Africa, it can be seen that in the regions with no malarial outbreak or malaria-free areas coincide with the grey to lighter shades of red in the heat map of the allele frequency of HbS. The color coding in the heat map for the allele frequency tells us that the frequencies range from 0 to 2.02 in the malaria-free areas.
Hence the answer is A)When an area is malaria free, the HbS allele frequency is between 0 and 2.02.
Palmate, lobed, and toothed. APEX ^_^
