The advantages of sexual reproduction:
•Produces genetic variation in the offspring
•The species can adapt to new environments due to variation, which gives them a survival advantage
•A disease is less likely to affect all the individuals in a population
A species is the smallest CLASSIFICATION level, then genus, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom. Kingdoms are the most generalized and basic.
If the facts about proton pumping are true, then protons are pumped into the matrix of the mitochondria.
<h3>What causes the electron transport chain's proton pumping?</h3>
Proton pumps are found in the electron transport chain's complexes I, III, and IV. The complexes absorb the energy generated when electrons migrate energetically downward and use it to pump H +start superscript, plus, end superscript ions out of the matrix and into the intermembrane gap.
<h3>when outside of the Matrix are protons pumped?</h3>
At complexes I, III, and IV, the matrix is pumped of protons (2 per complex). The resultant proton gradient drives ATP synthesis: 2 H+ are generated for every ATP. The inner mitochondrion is charged differently due to the proton gradient.
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