Answer:
The transgene could be silenced by: 1- epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, etc.), and 2-the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway
Explanation:
Epigenetics refers to the heritable changes caused by the activation and deactivation of genes without changing the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms include 1-DNA methylation on cytosine residues, and 2-modifications on amino acids in the tails of histone proteins (e.g., methylation, acetylation, ribosylation, phosphorylation, etc). These two epigenetic mechanisms can modify DNA structure and thus alter the accessibility of transcription factors, thereby suppressing gene/transgene expression. Moreover, the RNA interference pathway (RNAi) is a naturally occurring mechanism capable of suppressing gene/transgene expression both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The RNAi mechanism is triggered by regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as, among others, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small ncRNAs (e.g., miRNAs, piRNAs, siRNAs, etc). In this case, for example, DNA methylation on promoter sequences could suppress transgene expression, thereby methods to measure DNA methylation can be used to test this possibility (e.g., bisulfite genomic sequencing). Moreover, miRNAs that bind to the messenger RNA of the transgene could also inhibit its expression by triggering the RNAi pathway (e.g., mRNA degradation), thereby methods to measure mRNA levels can be used to test this possibility (e.g., RT-PCR).
These species are fully protected by law. When should a hunter begin to get in shape for a hunt?
Answer:
hello your question is incomplete attached below is the missing parts
answer: when you choose a blue habitat there is disadvantage for the red beads and an advantage for the blue beads while when you choose a red habitat there is a disadvantage for the blue beads and an advantage for the red beads
Explanation:
There is a selective advantage for the red and blue beads and the selective advantages are :
when you choose a blue habitat there is disadvantage for the red beads and an advantage for the blue beads while when you choose a red habitat there is a disadvantage for the blue beads and an advantage for the red beads. what this simply means is that the change in the habitat cause a proportional change in the phenotype