C. The increase in the use of coal as a source of heat and energy
I would suggest you start by matching countries to the cities you recognize. For example, Rome is in Italy, which means that "Italy" is N. If you are unsure about others, I'm sure you can google a map of Europe and that will help you fill out the rest :)
D - Failures.
The only attempted british colony in North America before 1600 was Roanoke, Virginia, which was a total failure. England claimed several areas, including Newfoundland, but made no sustainable attempts to colonize them before 1600.
The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs initially used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, as enunciated in Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door Note, dated September 6, 1899 and dispatched to the major European powers.[1] The policy proposed to keep China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis, keeping any one power from total control of the country, and calling upon all powers, within their spheres
