Answer: In terrestrial ecosystems the presence of vegetation in floodplains and watersheds can reduce the occurrence and severity of flooding by slowing water flows, enhancing percolation and storage, and allowing gradual release of water, thereby maintaining base flows and reducing peak flows.
Explanation:
Both enzymes and antibodies are both Proteins
<h2>Energy </h2>
Explanation:
Energy flows in only one direction through an ecosystem
- The Sun supports most of Earth's ecosystems
- Plants create chemical energy from abiotic factors that include solar energy and chemosynthesizing bacteria create usable chemical energy from unusable chemical energy
- The food energy created by producers is passed to consumers, scavengers, and decomposers
- Energy flows through an ecosystem in only one direction, it is passed from organisms at one trophic level or energy level to organisms in the next trophic level
- Most of the energy at a trophic level – about 90% – is used at that trophic level and organisms need it for growth, locomotion, heating themselves, and reproduction
- So animals at the second trophic level have only about 10% as much energy available to them as do organisms at the first trophic level
- Animals at the third level have only 10% as much available to them as those at the second level
Answer:
The correct answer will be- Protons pumped by the NADH through inner mitochondrial membrane is greater than the protons pumped by the FADH₂.
Explanation:
During the cellular respiration, the electron donors like NADH and FADH₂ are produced which donates the electrons during the electron transport chain.
The NADH molecule contains high energy electron which transmits the electron to complex I. This releases a large amount of energy utilized to pump H⁺ ions from matrix to intermembrane space.
Similarly, the FADH₂ contains low energy electrons as compared to the NADH so fewer protons are pumped to intermembrane space.
Since NADH pumps a large number of protons that is 10 protons whereas FADH₂ pumps only 6 protons and four protons are required to form the ATP therefore, NADH produces about 2.5 ATP whereas FADH₂ forms 1.5 ATP.
Thus, Protons pumped by the NADH through the inner mitochondrial membrane is greater than the protons pumped by the FADH₂ is the correct answer.
<span>these for sure:
"by coded instructions contained in DNA", as in: DNA -> mRNA -> protein
"through the presence of organic catalysts", ribosomes catalyze peptide bond formation
But maybe also: "by spontaneous bonding of amino acid".
it's a spontaneous process - energetically. </span>