Answer:
D) bureaucratic control
Explanation:
It seems that in this scenario, Ruben is using bureaucratic control. This term refers to the use of various different rules, policies, authority, documentation, reward systems, and even other formal methods in order to convince and control employee behavior and performance. Which is what Ruben does with his teams of employees by rewarding them if they perform well and taking away their earned leaves if they perform badly.
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Answer:
Option 2, laying off some workforce will have the lowest initial cost.
Explanation:
In option 1 if an organization is going to replace existing equipment with the new machines there is a definitely high cost involved in it because we do know that modern and newer machines costs more.
In option 3, if we go for lower-grade quality, we may face lost sales, or sales return which will add up to our cost.
However, if we go for option 2. there is no upfront cost involved in this decision but rather our cost is saved.
Thus the organization must opt for the 2nd option in order to find the lowest initial cost.
Answer:
1.425 dollars of value added
Explanation:
The value of the painting added by Caroline is between the $75 dollar of raw materials and the $1,500 which is the amount at which she sold the canvas in the art gallery.
If, over the course of time the canvas market value increase this will not change the value added by Caroline.
1,500 - 75 = 1.425 dollars
