The distribution and abundance of organisms is determined by the interactions between organisms and between the non living environment. Energy and nutrients move within and between biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems via physical, chemical and biological processes. Human activity and natural events can have a profound effects on population, bio diversity and ecosystem processes
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"Growth happens when cartilage cells increase in number in these growth plates. New cartilage cells push older, larger cartilage cells towards the middle of a bone. When we're about 25 years old, most of our bones have finished growing"
It doesn't say "the following" so I don't know what the options are but I hope this helps.
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Hydrogen bonds tend to be weaker than covalent or ionic bonds. The hydrogen bond formed between water molecules has a dissociation energy of 0.24 eV. A hydrogen bond has is approximately 90% ionic and 10% covalent. Van der Waals bonds are weak bonds with a dissociation energy of about 0.01 eV.
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The stem cells are the special cells that can develop into different types of specialized cells. There are two major stem cells in the body. The one is an embryonic stem cell that presents in the initial divided few cells that have the ability to develop into any type of specialized cells.
The other one is adult stem cells such as Bone marrow that contains two types of stem cells: hemopoietic which has the ability to produce all three types of cells, and stromal that able to produce special muscles and bones due to their limited ability to develop specialized cells or multipotent.
Thus, embryonic stem cells are more useful than adult stem cells.
Viruses are special types of organisms that only live once they are inside a living host. I predict that the viruses would just stay still until they find a living host. In the absence of the living host, the viruses may run out of food and eventually die.