The territorial state differ from the previous forms of states,
it was governed and controlled by a single sovereign whose throne was passed down from generation to generation. The old states, however, had a variety of rulers who were distributed in radically varied ways. They were no longer city dwellers, but rather members of an alliance.
The factor that encouraged the formation of territorial states: the new territorial states were created as a result of climate change, new technology, invasions by other people groups, and religion.
The development of towns and cities made it possible for small, independent states to be formed, which then gave rise to large territorial states.
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B. Japan rapidly developed an industrial economy
She briefly returned Roman Catholicism to England, and for five years of her reign remained remembered as Bloody Mary for persecuting Protestants.
Explanation:
- In January 1554, there was a Protestant rebellion led by Thomas White that Jane Gray wanted to return to the throne. Jane and her husband Dudley, along with his brothers, have been charged with treason and conspiracy against Mary.
- They were tried in London on November 13, 1553. All the accused were found guilty and sentenced to death. According to the verdict, Jane should have either been burned alive on the Tower Hill or beheaded in the Tower of London, as Mary wished. Jane and Guildford were executed on February 12, 1554.
- Already in January 1554, just six months after Mary was crowned, all important Protestant clergymen fled to German lands to escape the persecution of married clergy. In March, she ordered all bishops to remove married priests.
- Parliament met in April and agreed with Mary's decision to establish laws punishing heretics, provided she forgets about returning the land to the monasteries. The Catholic Church, and the legal and religious consequences of her half-brother's rule. She sought to restore the Church of England to the Roman Catholic Church.
- To this end, Parliament repealed all Edward VI laws, and persecuted the protagonists of the previous Protestant government by all means. About three hundred of them were executed by burning at the stake. The first executor was John Rogers, the man who translated the Bible into English, and among those executed was Thomas Cranmer, a priest who arranged for the annulment of the marriage of Mary's parents.
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Chapter 9. France
I found the answer under the “Recommended things to see” section. Since Paris is in France, and tourist attractions would be things to see, Chapter 9 France is the correct choice.
