Answer:
The effectiveness of chemical disinfectants has historically been compared to phenol.
Explanation:
The effectiveness of a disinfectant or antiseptic can be determined in a number of ways. Historically, a chemical agent’s effectiveness was often compared with that of phenol, the first chemical agent used by Joseph Lister. In 1903, British chemists Samuel Rideal (1863–1929) and J. T. Ainslie Walker (1868–1930) established a protocol to compare the effectiveness of a variety of chemicals with that of phenol, using as their test organisms Staphylococcus aureus (a gram-positive bacterium) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (a gram-negative bacterium). They exposed the test bacteria to the antimicrobial chemical solutions diluted in water for 7.5 minutes. They then calculated a phenol coefficient for each chemical for each of the two bacteria tested. A phenol coefficient of 1.0 means that the chemical agent has about the same level of effectiveness as phenol. A chemical agent with a phenol coefficient of less than 1.0 is less effective than phenol. An example is formalin, with phenol coefficients of 0.3 (S. aureus) and 0.7 (S. enterica serovar Typhi). A chemical agent with a phenol coefficient greater than 1.0 is more effective than phenol, such as chloramine, with phenol coefficients of 133 and 100, respectively. Although the phenol coefficient was once a useful measure of effectiveness, it is no longer commonly used because the conditions and organisms used were arbitrarily chosen.
All angiosperms have flowers at some stage in their life. ...
Angiosperms have small pollen grains that spread genetic information from flower to flower. ...
All angiosperms have stamens. ...
Angiosperms have much smaller female reproductive parts than non-flowering plants, allowing them to produce seeds more quickly.
Answer:
Renewable Resources
Geothermal power is a form of renewable energy created by powering electrical generators with the heat of the earth and naturally occurring subterranean hot water reservoir
The kingdom described above is the kingdom Animalia. Heterotrophic mode of nutrition is a type of nutrition in which organisms depends upon other organisms such as plants for survival, for example all animals are heterotrophic and obtain all organic materials they need to survive. The other type of nutrition is the autotrophic mode of nutrition in which organisms use simple inorganic substances to synthesize organic molecules, a characteristic of plants.
Answer:
Unlike inbreeding, hybridization is more likely to cause genetic abnormalities.
