<span>Cytotoxic t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat intracellular pathogens, whereas helper t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat extracellular pathogens.
</span>Cytotoxic t-cell are CD8+ cells. Cytotoxic t-cell uses granzymes to <span>kill </span><span>intracellular bacteria, that lives in the cytosol such as viruses. They identify the pathogen forgein peptids that are bounded to MHC-I on the cell surface.
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cd4+ T helper (Th) cells include Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. They contribute to aliergic reactions and fighting extracellular parasites.
Answer:
There is no control group and variables were not addressed.
Explanation:
In the context, it is given that there is a dumping ground in a small town called Love Canal and harmful chemical waste of industries are dumped there. Lately, it is noticed that there were traces of the toxic substances on the walls of the schools and the hospitals. The hospitals also noticed that during the period of 1970 to 1980, there were increase in the number of the birth defects in the area. The people of the Love Canal has genetic abnormalities and the chemical waste is responsible for it.
Thus it can be concluded that there is a no such any control group in this case. The confounding variables like the comorbidities as well as the family history of the genetic defects were not addressed.
Infectious agents are those that corrupt and prey on an organism or a host. This is sometimes called parasitism when a foreign organism consumes a host by preying on its nutrients and food. Hence, we are uncertain in Anna's case because there is no clear description of her symptoms.
it's cururururuvy it curves up and then down
