By 1914, the bourgeoisie, as described by Valery in his essay, had a disorder of the mind. Option A is correct.
For much of the twentieth century, historians employed the term "bourgeoisie"to refer toa middle group between the nobility and the masses of peasants and urban workers.
The burgeoisie also was made up of the merchants, the guild members, the pensioners, and the elite non-nobles (professionals, financiers, and officials) who dominated much of the early modern urban landscape.
