Answer: pathogen–host coevolution
Explanation:
A major driver of evolution is Reciprocal coevolution between host and pathogen. Rather than pathogen, one-sided adaptation to a nonchanging host, high virulence specifically favoured during pathogen–host coevolution. In all of the independent replicate populations under coevolution, the pathogen ( B. thuringiensis ) genotype BT-679 with known nematocidal toxin genes of C. elegans and high virulence specifically swept to fixation but only some of them go under one-sided adaptation,
so relative change in B. thuringiensis virulence was greater than the relative change in C. elegans resistance is due to the elevated copy numbers of the plasmid containing the nematocidal toxin genes
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The dependent variable alters
Answer:
Competitive exclusion occurs when " organisms attempt to fill the same niche"
Explanation:
mostly due to the fact that they are competing over the same food source, which is always limited in some way.
Answer:
Thymidine dimers is likely to be repair as soon as it is originated but if left unrepaired then it causes frame shift mutations.
Explanation:
In case of Bacterium if UV irradiation induces covalent linkage of two thymidine present adjacently to each other or on a single strand to make thymidine dimers.
These either excised via DNA repair enzyme like Endonuclease V and the proof reading activity of DNA polymerase I enzyme help in incorporation of nucleotide by taking the unmutated original strand as a template.
These dimers if not excised before second round of replication than the sequence of newly synthesized strand will be altered. As DNA polymerase III enzyme read thymidine dimers as single thymidine nucleotide and incorporate only 1 adenine in the newly synthesizing complementary strand which results in frame shift mutations
It is the mutation in which reading frame of codons is shifted or altered due to deletion or addition of a single nucleotide.
Answer:
The pH of a solution containing 0.1 mM H+ is 4
Explanation:
The pH of any solution is given by the following mathematical equation -
![pH = -log[H_{+}]\\](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%20%3D%20-log%5BH_%7B%2B%7D%5D%5C%5C)
----------- Equation (A)
Where,
= the concentration of hydrogen ion in the solution.
Given
= 
Substituting the given value in equation (A) , we get -
![pH = -log[10^{-4}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%20%3D%20-log%5B10%5E%7B-4%7D%5D)
Hence, The pH of a solution containing 0.1 mM H+ is 4
