Answer:
Open channels allow an influx of sodium ions into the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber. The sodium influx also sends a message within the muscle fiber to trigger the release of stored calcium ions. The calcium ions diffuse into the muscle fiber.
Explanation:
Biotechnology can be used to transform bacteria so they are able to make human proteins, such as insulin. It can also be used to create transgenic crops, such as crops that yield more food or resist insect pests. (I copied this off the web so just paraphrase)
A) a common ancestor
Homologous structures are structures that are similar in related organisms. There is a basic pattern of bones which can be inherited from a common ancestor
Answer:
This protein consists of 8 subunits of equal size linked by disulfide bonds
Explanation:
The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) is a technique widely used in molecular biology laboratories to separate proteins with molecular weights between 5 and 250 kDa. SDS is an anionic detergent used to denature proteins before electrophoresis. SDS can denature proteins by altering non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen, hydrophobic and ionic interactions, but they cannot cleave disulfide bonds. In this case, reducing agents (e.g., β-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol) have been used to cleave disulfide bonds.
