Medieval cities with their agrarian societies and simple market economies may seem different from modern European urban centers. Life in 14th-century cities were centered mainly around hierarchical institutions such as the crown, guilds, and churches. While as today, companies, technologies, and a global economy dominate our lives.
One of the causes of the Black death was the involvment of traders and merchants coming from sea and bringing the disease with them. It soread easily due to poor hygiene at the time and not so great medical practices. It killed around 50% of Europes population and and had around a 99-100% fatality rate. It originated in China, but again, it was brought to europe by traders.
The great famine was caused by a disease that destroyed the potato crop which happened to be one of the more available foods at the time. About a million died in result of this and people began to leave Ireland immigrating to places such as the us, australia, britain or canada.
States are the most numerous in North America. There are 50 of them.
The wrongs that he accused them off was them being infidels who pillage and steal and assault women and destroy churches and similar things. He accused them of attacking Christians and Christianity and wanted to force them to leave out of areas that were Christian.
The groups that he excluded was old people, weak, women, and the clergy. He didn't want these groups to go because he didn't believe that they could be helpful in war. Also, priests had to stay in Europe and not go to war because they were needed for spreading religion.
The appeals that he used is appeal to their emotions and he appealed to his credibility to speak so. In Christianity, the pope is the person who was chosen by god so what he says is what the god wants to be said. He said that they would all go to heaven if they supported the crusades which they believed and considered to be words from god.
Because of Marie Antoinette I think