Answer and Explanation: "On a map, the Fertile Crescent looks like a crescent or quarter-moon. It extends from the Nile River on Egypt's Sinai Peninsula in the south to the southern fringe of Turkey in the north. The Fertile Crescent is bounded on the west by the Mediterranean Sea and on the East by the Persian Gulf." - Fertile Crescent, History
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Explanation:
The year 622 brought a new challenge to Christianity. Near Mecca, Saudi Arabia, a prophet named Muhammad claimed he received a revelation that became a cornerstone of the Islamic faith. The Koran, which Muhammad wrote in Arabic, identified Jesus Christ not as God but as a prophet. <em><u>Islam</u></em> spread throughout the Middle East and into Europe until 732.Soon thereafter, European Christians began the <em><u>Crusades</u></em>, a campaign of violence against Muslims to dominate the <em><u>Holy Lands</u></em>—an area that extended from modern-day Turkey in the north along the Mediterranean coast to the Sinai Peninsula—under Islamic control, partially in response to sustained Muslim control in Europe. The city of Jerusalem is a holy site for Jews, Christians, and Muslims; evidence exists that the three religions lived there in harmony for centuries. But in 1095, European Christians decided not only to reclaim the holy city from Muslim rulers but also to conquer the entire surrounding area.
