During the 1930s, extreme drought and high winds made life incredibly difficult in the Great Plains region of the United States.
Essay questions are harder to write because you have to use memory and the knowledge you already have to answer the question. Unlike multiple choice questions where you can see 4 separate options.
Hope this helped :)
(The song's tune is described in the novel as sounding like a combination of "La Cucaracha" and "Oh My Darling)