Answer:
- Unconditioned stimuli, US: getting hurt by hot water.
- Conditioned stimulus, CS: hearing a toilet flush.
- Unconditioned response, UR: feeling pain after hurting.
- Conditioned response, CR: being afraid when hearing a toilet flush.
Explanation:
- Unconditioned stimuli: Biologically significant stimuli that provoke an unlearned or reflex reaction. For example, getting hurt by hot water.
- Conditioned stimuli: neutral, innocuous or biologically not significant stimuli. For example, hearing a toilet flush.
- Unconditioned Responses: Unlearned response that is triggered by reflex because of an unconditioned stimulus. For example, feeling a lot of pain after hurting by hot water.
- Conditioned Responses: These are provoked by conditioned stimuli. This refers to a learned response that reflects the association between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. For example, being afraid when hearing a toilet flush.
Initially, an unconditioned stimulus does not provoke any response, but after enough exposition to conditioned and unconditioned stimuli together, the simple presence of unconditioned stimuli induces conditioned responses. In this aspect, the subject has learned to predict or to anticipate the unconditioned stimulus.
The microbes present in the experiment were:
S. cerevisiae
S. epidermis
A way of categorizing microbes is according to the environment that they need to live in. In other words, we can classify them as isotonic, halotolerant and halophile.
If we put these two microbes in solutions of increasing concentrations, 1%, 7% and 15%, we will see that:
- S. cerevisiae only grows when it is in a 1% solution.
- S. epidermis only grows when it is in a 1% and 7% solution.
In conclusion, S.cerevisiae prefers an isotonic environment. S. epidermis is halotolerant since it can grow in a more hypertonic environment. As none of them grows in a highly hypertonic solution, neither of them are halophile.
Learn more at:
brainly.com/question/12165361
Answer: poaching and habitat loss
Explanation: succession and extinction quiz
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The simple answer is the electrons in the outermost energy level.
Hydrogen has 1 electron in the outermost energy level.
Magnesium has 2 so this tells you that magnesium has a charge of 2
Oxygen has 6 oxygen has a charge of - 2
Fluorine has 7
For most elements, the electrons in the most outer ring determine the valence of the element.
Notice that the non metals work differently than the metals. Mg may have a charge of 2 and that is the number of electrons in the valence right.
Oxygen is a non metal it has a charge of - 2. It gets 6 electrons by subtracting the number of its charge from 8.
