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4 years ago

What levels of protein structure are affected when chemically straightening hair?

1 answer:

4 0

The levels of protein structure that are most affected by chemically straightening the complex of protein that makes hair would be the quaternary and tertiary levels. This is because in this process, one would be disrupting many of the interactions that would be occurring between the R groups of the protein, including hydrogen bonding and other van der waals forces.

These interactions can affect more than 1 polypeptide chain as well and thus the quaternary is also affected.

Hair will not remain straight as after the reagent or other substance is removed the hydrogen bonds will again reform and the R groups will orient themselves to maximize interactions.

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In a fixed volume when temperature increases , pressure does what?

Leni [432]

Answer:

When the volume is constant the pressure increases with temperature. 

Explanation:

Gay Lussac’s law precisely explains the relation between pressure and temperature of a system which has constant volume. In a system which has constant volume an increase in temperature indicates increase in temperature as well.

The reason behind the observation of this trend is the change in randomness of particles of the system. 

With increase in temperature the particle movement becomes random and fast. The particles hit the container walls at an increased rate and the pressure of the system increase. 

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4 years ago

Which animal is a consumer in this food web that feeds at the lowest and highest trophic level of the ecosystem?

goblinko [34]

Grasshopper is the answer

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3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

The vector, which is often a small, circular piece of dna that can exist outside the bacterial chromosome, is known as what?.

kramer

The vector, which is often a small, circular piece of dna that can exist outside the bacterial chromosome, is known as a plasmid.

Bacteria and certain other microscopic species contain plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules. Physically distinct from chromosomal DNA, plasmids multiply on their own. They normally contain only a few genes, including some linked to antibiotic resistance, and they can spread from one cell to another.

Recombinant DNA techniques are used by scientists to splice the genes they want to research into a plasmid. The inserted gene is duplicated along with the plasmid when it duplicates itself. Molecular cloning, the process of creating DNA molecules and introducing them into a host cell, uses plasmid vectors as the means of delivering recombinant DNA into the host cell.

To know more about plasmids, refer to the following link:

brainly.com/question/7826558

#SPJ4

3 0

1 year ago

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of most common recessive disorders among Caucasians it affects 1 in 1,700 newborns. What is the expe

Phantasy [73]

Answer: The expected frequency of carriers is P(Aa)=0.046.

The proportion of childs with CF is P(aa)=0.024.

25% of having a child with CF (aa).

Explanation:

Hardy-Weinberg's principle states that in a large enough population, in which mating occurs randomly and which is not subject to mutation, selection or migration, gene and genotype frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next one, once a state of equilibrium has been reached which in autosomal loci is reached after one generation. So, a population is said to be in balance when the alleles in polymorphic systems maintain their frequency in the population over generations.

Given the gene allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population, it is possible to calculate the expected frequencies of the progeny's genotypes and phenotypes. If P = percentage of the allele A (dominant) and q = percentage of the allele a (recessive), the checkerboard method can be used to produce all possible random combinations of these gametes.

Note that p + q = 1, that is, the percentages of gametes A and a must equal 100% to include all gametes in the gene pool.

The genotypic frequencies added together should also equal 1 or 100%, and all the equations can be summarized as follows:

$p+q=1\\(p+q)^{2} = p^{2} +2pq+q^{2} = 1\\P(AA)=p^{2} \\P(aa)=q^{2} \\P(Aa)=2pq1$

So, there are 1700 individuals and only one is affected. Since it is a recessive disorder, the genotype of that individual must be aa. So the genotypic frequency of aa is 1/1700=0.000588.

Then, $P(aa)=q^{2}=0.000588$ . And with that we can calculate the value of q,

$P(a)=q=\sqrt{0.000588}=0.024$

And since we know that p+q=1, we can find out the value of p.

$p+0.024=1\\1-0.024=p\\p=0.976$

Next, we find out the genotypic frequency of the genotype AA:

$P(A)=p=0.976\\P(AA)=p^{2} = 0.976^{2}=0.95$

Now, we can find out the genotypic frequency of the genotype Aa:

$P(Aa)=2pq=2 x 0.976 x 0.024 = 0.046$

Notice than:

$p^{2} + 2pq + q^{2} = 1\\x^{2} 0.976^{2} + 2 x 0.976 x 0.024 + 0.024^{2} = 1$

Then, the expected frequency of carriers is P(Aa)=0.046

The proportion of childs with CF is P(aa)=0.024

If two parents are carriers, then their genotypes are Aa.

Gametes produced by them can only have one allele of the gene. So they can either produce A gametes, or a gametes.

In the punnett square, we can see that there genotypic ratio is 2:1:1 and the phenotypic ratio is 3:1. So, there is a probability of 25% of having an unaffected child, with both normal alleles (AA); 50% of having a carrier child (Aa) and 25% (0.25) of having a child with CF (aa).

5 0

4 years ago

Which process will result in a gain of energy in an ecosystem?

lorasvet [3.4K]

Photosynthesis in algae cells

Ecosystems were able to maintain themselves by cycling the nutrients and energy obtained from external sources. The flow of energy through a food chain is known as energy flow. At tropical level, solar energy is used by the primary producers to produce organic plants materials through photosynthesis.

3 0

4 years ago