The evolution of similar forms in different lineages when exposed to the same selective pressures is<u> convergent evolution. </u>
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Convergent or divergent evolution are related to the involved groups, the environments, the selective pressures, and the way in which organisms deal with them to achieve a better adaptation increasing their fitness.
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What is convergent evolution?</h3>
Convergent evolution is the emergence of phenotypical similarities in different groups independently from each other.
Convergent evolution occurs when two or more taxonomic groups share the same traits or characteristics even when they do not share a common ancestor.
Usually, this is a pattern observed in groups that are exposed to the same or similar environmental pressures. The development of these similar phenotypes is related to higher fitness and competitive ability.
The evolution of similar forms in different lineages when exposed to the same selective pressures is <u>convergent evolution. </u>
You can learn more about convergent evoluion at
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* Channel proteins- these are proteins with a hydrophilic pore where specific ions are able to pass through the membrane. Each channel protein is specific to an ion. This is the only way ions can travel through the membrane. They are trans membrane proteins.
* Carrier proteins- these are proteins which allow larger or polar molecules through the membrane. They are trans membrane proteins.
Carrier proteins essentially “carry" signals that are not soluble in aqueous solution through the blood stream to their target cells. Carrier proteins for hydrophilic signals prevent degradation of the signal. Channel proteins are embedded in cell membranes. They often are receptors (though not always), and when activated, allow specific ions to pass through the membrane.
A channel protein is a special arrangement of amino acids which embeds in the cell membrane, providing a hydrophilic passageway for water and small, polar ions. Like all transport proteins, each channel protein has a size and shape which excludes all but the most specific molecules
The carrier protein facilitate diffusion of molecules across the cell membrane. The protein is imbedded in the cell membrane and covers the entire membrane. This is important because the carrier must transport the molecule in and out of the cell.
Glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvic acid that undergoes a process allowing it to enter the kreb (citric acid) cycle that eventually produces ATP molecules from the electron transport chain
Answer:
When the diaphragm contracts (it's a large flat muscle), it pulls the lungs down this causing expansion which eventually lead to inhalation of air. If it's injured, then that will be affected.
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