Answer:
isometric contraction
Explanation:
Isometric contraction is a class of contraction where the muscle maintains a constant length as tension is produced, thereby the length of the muscles does not change during this process. Isometric contractions are performed without joint motion. They are appropriate for the rehabilitation of musculotendinous traumas due the muscle maintains a static position and contraction intensity can be controlled. This type of contraction is common for the muscles in the hands and arms.
The tissue that helps in the sideways conduction of water in the tree is the xylem parenchyma.
In plants, there are two systems; the xylem and phloem, that help in the transportation of water and other substances from roots to the other parts of the plant.
Xylem is living plant cells and is found in the center of the vascular sheaths. These are also known as photosynthetic cells.
It is also an essential component of the plant as it stores and transports water.
Moreover, these cells serve as fragments of the intracellular storage system.
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Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
Answer:
Metaphase ⇒ Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Prophase ⇒ DNA condenses to form chromosomes
Anaphase ⇒ Each chromosome separates and moves to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase ⇒ Nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes
