Answer:
A. All possible combinations of alleles in the gametes produced by one parent are written along the top edge of the square
Explanation:
You begin with a square. Then, following the principle of segregation, all possible combinations of alleles in the gametes produced by one parent are written along the top edge of the square. The other parent's alleles are then segregated along the left edge. Next, every possible genotype is written into the boxes within the square, just as they might appear in the F2 generation.
“Gaps in the fossil record disprove evolution.” Response: The fact that some transitional fossils are not preserved does not disprove evolution. Evolutionary biologists do not expect that all transitional forms will be found and realize that many species leave no fossils at all.
Answer:
The wise use of crop genetic diversity in developing improved crops can contribute significantly to protecting the environment. Crop varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases can reduce the need to apply harmful pesticides. More vigorous varieties can better compete with weeds, reducing the need for applying herbicides .
Explanation:
Answer: B) Arginine
Explanation: Having the sequence (mRNA):
5′-GUUUCCCGUAUACAUGCGUGCCGGGGGC-3, we can go through the following procedure:
1. Identifying the binding site for the initiator tRNA, which is the so-called "start codon" AUG: 5′-GUUUCCCGUAUAC<u><em>AUG</em></u>CGUGCCGGGGGC-3′
2. Look for the next codon after AUG, which is CGU:
5′-GUUUCCCGUAUACAUG<u><em>CGU</em></u>GCCGGGGGC-3
3. Look in a codon table in which amino acid corresponds to CGU. Then you will find that amino acid is Arginine.
The reason you should follow the above procedure is that during translation, ribosomes are in charge of creating a new peptide bond from mRNA using different tRNA. A tRNA is a structure with a codon attached to it and an amino acid. If a tRNA has a UAC codon attached to it, then this tRNA is going to scan the mRNA looking for the corresponding AUG (the so-called start codon). This is why the tRNA with the UAC codon attached to it is called "initiator tRNA". When initiator tRNA finds the start codon, the large subunit of the ribosome would place this tRNA plus mRNA in its so-called P site (Polypeptide site). On the right of the P site is the A site (Amino acid site) which will be waiting for the tRNA which attached codon corresponds to the next codon after the start codon AUG in the mRNA. For this case, that codon which A site is waiting for is CGU, which is attached to a tRNA containing the corresponding amino acid which is Arginine.
Answer: the theory of evolution states that all living things we can identify descend from the Last Universal Common Ancestor. It is not that the translation process between mRNA and amino acids is universal, but that the underlying genetic code relating DNA nucleotide triplets (codons) to amino acids is the same for almost all living things.
Explanation: The genetic code ‘tells’ mRNA which the sequence of amino acids in a protein and when to stop adding amino acids. The DNA . triplets, called codons, code for 20 amino acids and a STOP signal. The code is identical in almost all cases, but there are variation, mostly found in mitochondrial DNA. But even when these variants exist, most of the code is the same as in other living organisms. For example the codon AGG normally codes for the amino acid serine but in arthropod mitochondria it codes for lysine. These very few and minor changes tend to confirm the single ancestry of the code and how well it has been conserved through billions of replications
