I believe the answer is education.
The nationalists were defeated in the civil war in china.
Answer:
1. Augustus preserved the republican traditions
2. Gradual lowering
Answer: 141
Explanation: No one answer this.
For Germany the treat of Versailles dealt them a heavy hand. They were imposed land, economic and military restraints as well as forced to pay a great deal of the reparations cost for countries like France. Whom during world war one had received heavy damages.
More specific on territory, Germany's land were split between different nations. Such as the Rhineland which they were prohibited from occupying after losing the war.
Hope it somewhat helps :)