The medication would be the controlled variable, the factor that remains constant.
It is called a contusion. Hope this helps.
The allele would be called codominant
When a dominant and recessive allele exist in an organism, only the dominant allele will be expressed. Dominant allele always mask the recessive because the gene code a protein while recessive gene doesn't. When both gene code a protein, they will be codominant and both gene will be expressed. The result could be a mixed effect. In this case, the purple is mixed color of red and blue.
New disease that affects the younger of a population, shortage of availability of food, new competitor for food, new predator of jaguars (though there arent many of those)