I think it would be the first one
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<span>It is clear that the French society viewed the war as being one of difficulty and hardship, despite the fact that the noblemen did not have to sacrifice their lives for the cause. This was a clear portrayal of differentiation in mentality among the French society during this era.</span>
Guesses is the plural form
For most people, work is the center of life.
It is the main supplier of money that they could use to buy food, pay their bills, or to use for enjoyment. All those things combined will make people afraid of discarding their work.