People act in their own best interests to secure their own wills.
Remember Hobbes thought people were bad...
There are numerous things that have turned out to be beneficial from the Crusades, such as:
- Trade with the East
This led to the introduction of lot of new things in Europe, food, spices, materials. That resulted in development of large, strong, wealthy trade cities, and it prompted a big rise in the European economy.
- Technological advancements
The technological advancements from the Arab world and from the Far East changed the course of the European history. They managed to learn how to make better weapons, built better ships, use the magnetic compass, and make better maps, eventually giving them advantage in colonizing the world.
- Rediscovering of the ancient Greek and Roman texts
The Arab world manage to preserve some of the ancient literature from the Greeks and the Romans, and they were reintroduced in Europe. They were very influential later in history as they managed to prompt the social changes in Europe that led to the Renaissance.
<span><span>"Inherent weakness:<span> First, the Turco-Afghan Empire was built on the power of the sword. It never rested on the foundation of the good-will of the ruled, without which on Empire can last long.</span></span><span>Absence of strong rules:<span> Secondly, the organization of the empire was inherently weak. The successors were weak and inefficient. If the reigning prince happened to be strong, it worked. But if the ruler proved a weakling, the whole structure gave away. Unfortunately after the death of Sultan Firoz on strong ruler arose and successive rule of weak kings hastened the process of decline.</span></span><span>Unenlightened policy of the Govt.:<span> Thirdly, the Turco-Afghans rules failed to evolve any broad and enlightened policy of government. They were mostly orthodox and intolerant in their views so that they failed to enlist the moral support of the Hindus who formed the bulk of the population.</span></span><span>Mistakes of Muhammad-bin-Tughluq: Fourthly, the wild and visionary projects of Sultan Muhammad-bin-Tughluq plunged the country in hopeless chaos and confusion from the effects of which it was never destined to rise again.</span><span>Absence of popular support: Fifthly, the Delhi Sultanate is based on military strength and not on popular support. As a result of this, when the military power weakened because of the weak Sultans, self- seeking provincial leaders and military generals revolted against the Sultanate. In the 14th century, many provincial leaders declared themselves free leading to the disintegration of Delhi Sultanate.</span><span>Invasion of Tamer: Finally, the invasion of Tamerlane, gave the final blow to the remnants of the Turco-Afghan Empire, so that fell to pieces almost immediately"</span></span>
Answer:
Land artillery
Mines
Explanation:
The Ottomans laid siege of Rhodes in 1522 and the attack was personally by the Sultan Suleiman and assaulted the city with field artillery non-stop with occasional mine attacks in the tunnels.
They were repelled by the defending forces each time they managed to gain a small victory. The battle was fierce and long before the city eventually fell.
