First of all, the Spanish (along with the rest of the large European countries at the time) had guns and other military technology. With the advantage of having gunpowder, the Spanish were able to relatively easily conquer the indigenous peoples in the Americas. Another point is the Spanish military training; the American civilizations had no military training that matched the strict codes of the European countries, so the precision of the Spanish helped them conquer.
A. Manufacturing
(Hope this Helps :D)
Answer would be the 17th amendment
Ethiopia is located close to the trade routes of different and important nations such as Persia, Iemen and India. Being in contact with different kinds of culture and religion helped mold Ethiopia through the centuries.
My guess would be the first one , 1830 , Hope it’s the correct answer ! :)