<span>off the top of my head i would have to say the </span>light-independent reactions<span> of </span>photosynthesis<span> are </span>chemical reactions<span> that convert </span>carbon dioxide<span> and other </span>compounds<span> into </span>glucose<span>. These reactions occur in the </span>stroma<span>, the fluid-filled area of a </span>chloroplast<span> outside of the </span>thylakoid membranes<span>. These reactions take the products (ATP and NADPH) of light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. There are three phases to the light-independent reactions, collectively called the </span>Calvin cycle<span>: carbon fixation, reduction reactions, and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration.</span>
