The "two parts ABCs" allusion refers to the fundamental school setting. The author wants the readers to understand how the school system prioritizes planned lessons and have students memorize information that they believe will most likely not be utilized later in life. The author expresses that this is a small part of the school experience. They also use the allusion "Where Do I Stand in the Great Pecking Order of Humankind" to refer to how teenager worrying about where they fit in. The author states that part of the majority of the school experience is finding your place in it socially.
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It's pouring down with rain when they meet up at Nick's house, and gradually the sky clears. It's a metaphor for the way things are going between them.
In this scenario, yes, you should wait. If you know that there is a possibility that you won't even show up and that there will be extra seats anyways, there's absolutely no reason you should rush to buy the tickets and risk wasting money.
The roads are super unsafe and slippery during the winter, but during the summer the roads are safer just a lot more busy.