W.E.B. Du Bois aws a co- founder of the N.A.A.C.P., the National Association for the Advancement of the People. He urged African Americans to fight gor equal rights. As an activist he was known as the "Father of Pan-Africanism". His inclination came more left winged and joined the American Labour.
The most direct effect of poll taxes and literacy tests on african americans was that they made it extremely difficult for African Americans to vote freely in elections in the South, since African Americans were at a very unfair disadvantage due to a lack of money and education.
