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3 years ago

Was the membrane at a stable equilibrium before you pushed it? How could you tell?

Biology

1 answer:

liq [111]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

Well, first let's define the difference between stable and unstable equilibrium.

Stable: After a little perturbation, the equilibrium state is retaken.

Unstable: After a little perturbation, the state changes to one more stable.

An example of this is:

Imagine a pencil, when the pencil lays down in the table, it is in stable equilibrium because you can touch it and it will return to the same initial state.

Now suppose that the pencil is standing up (we can think this as a more energetic state). The pencil is in equilibrium, it does not move and there is no force acting on it.

Now you can touch it (a small perturbation) and the pencil will likely fall down, to the stable state of equilibrium.

That is the difference between stable and unstable (There is also an image below, where you can see it in a more physical way, where the vertical axis represents energy and the horizontal represents a given variable or set of variables).

Then, how to know if the membrane was at a stable equilibrium before you pushed it?

Did it return to the initial state? then yes, it was a stable equilibrium

Did It change to a less energetic state? Then no, it was in an unstable equilibrium.

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Proteins are important food nutrients. A technician working at a food company is interested in the nutritional content of seeds/

Vladimir79 [104]

Answer: Sample 1 then, has more variety of proteins but less quantity of each one, while sample 2 has less variety but more quantity of the two proteins present.

Explanation:

Proteins are molecules found in the cells of all living organisms. A protein is composed of monomers called amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. To analyze proteins, a technique called SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is used. This technique is used to separate proteins according to their electrophoretic mobility, depending on polypeptide chain length, molecular mass, post-translational modifications and other factors. SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) is an anionic surfactant compound that breaks non-covalent bonds in proteins, denatures them causing these protein molecules to lose their native conformation and provides the polypeptide with a negative charge that is proportional to the chain length (the number of amino acids) and, therefore, to the molecular mass of the protein. The electrostatic repulsion created by the binding of SDS to the protein is one of the causes of the protein losing its native conformation, thus eliminating the differences in conformation of the different proteins to be separated in the gel.

An electric current is applied to the gel where the proteins are seeded, causing the negatively charged proteins to migrate through the gel in the direction of the anode (positively charged region). Short proteins will move more easily and faster through the pores of the gel, while larger proteins will find it more difficult to do so. After a certain time, the proteins will have migrated according to their size (measured in kDa or kiloDaltons). After electrophoresis, the gel should be stained with Coomassie blue or silver stain, allowing visualization of the separated proteins. After staining, the different proteins will appear as distinct bands on the gel. In addition, the higher the amount of a protein, the more intense the color of its band will be.

Extract No. 1 shows three bands: 25, 30 and 35 kDa. This means that it has three different proteins, each with a different molecular weight. Extract number 2 shows two bands: 25 and 35 kDa. It means that this sample has only 2 proteins. And being bands of higher intensity, we can say that there is more of each protein.

Sample 1 then, has more variety of proteins but less quantity of each one, while sample 2 has less variety but more quantity of the two proteins present.

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3 years ago

What evidence supports Hess's theory of seafloor spreading? Check all that apply.

Zarrin [17]

The direction iron in ocean rocks points

The new crust, formed at constructive/divergent boundary (regarding tectonic plate movement), has band-like patterns that orient in different directions (in alignment with earth's magnetic fields) and visible on the surface. This shows that it is newly made crust made from new magma.

Explanation:

These bands are firmed when the iron minerals in magma orient themselves with the earth's magnetic field before the magma cols into rock and lock the minerals permanently in position. This magma upwells from the mantle to fill the void made when the tectonic plates are moving away from each other.

The earth's magnetic field on the other hand is dynamic. Its angle increases gradually from the true north or south and then flips orientation over several hundred years. The iron minerals therefore will align differently depending on the orientation of the earths magnetic field at the time. This is why the new crust has band-like features visible on its surface.

Learn More:

For more on seafloor spreading check out;

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4 years ago

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Lubov Fominskaja [6]

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3 years ago

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blsea [12.9K]

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Pani-rosa [81]

Answer:

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