"Sumerian city-states fought each other" would be the best option from the list, since this internal division led to a collapse of power that left people without protection or a solid economy.
A. He was the guy that helped with three major compromises and is known as the great compromiser.
B. chief examiner.
A chief examiner would be someone or something else unrelated entirely. Perhaps a police chief or a medical examiner are the closest to a "chief examiner" anything.
The battles between rebellious farmers and government militias alarmed many citizens of the young United States because the United States had so recently fought the Revolutionary War and was still recovering. Many of the soldiers fighting for the Regulators and the government militias had fought together during the Revolutionary War. The fact that the fighting occurred between different groups of US citizens was shocking and surprising.
They had lost the Mandate of Heaven