Answer:
c, "as these details have shown." is used when restating a point you already made
A literary genre is a category of literary composition. Genres may be determined by literary technique, tone, content, or even (as in the case of fiction) length. The distinctions between genres and categories are flexible and loosely defined, often with subgroups.
Mitosis is probably the type of reproduction taking place because it deals with a sperm and an egg it is called (sexual reproduction)
The answer is B because the writing process makes you reflect on your ideas of what your going to write.
The first alternative is correct (A).
The relations of cause and effect are applied when one phenomenon is able to explain the event of another phenomenon. For example, in item (B): recycling programs (the cause) reduce local waste production (effect).
In order to discuss the problem of hunger in underdeveloped countries, many causes need to be analyzed, that is, there is not only one phenomenon that causes hunger, but several, such as poverty, politics, lack of jobs.