Answer to number one Is a Yard Stick,
Racking my brain for the answers to the others.
Answer:
Europe was part of the Roman Empire until the 5th century. After parting ways, Europe faced its darkest age until 1020, it started making steady progress in the field of agriculture, trade, craftsmanship etc.
Mills, storage, horse harnesses, harvesting, threshing etc improved drastically due to wide contact with people from different regions, spreading their knowledge in Europe.
Crusade trading had also started during the time while Europe faced a spike in population as well.
The East Asian States during this whole time faced many political troubles. Their governments kept on changing continuously from one dynasty to another.
Meanwhile, in these regions, Da-rul-Islam had formed deep roots as a result of which many forms of art and traditions excelled. <em>Muslim scientists continuously made astonishing discoveries one after another</em>.
