About 12 million immigrants would pass through Ellis Island during the time of its operation, from 1892 to 1954. Many of them were from Southern and Eastern Europe. They included Russians, Italians, Slavs, Jews, Greeks, Poles, Serbs, and Turks. New immigrants flooded into cities.
"Planting trees throughout Sahel" is the one action among the following actions given in the question that would be the most effective long-term solution to fighting desertification in the Sahel.
