A. Osmosis has to occur through a semi-permeable membrane whereas diffusion can occur through any concentration gradient.
B is incorrect because net movement of osmosis is from area of low concentration to area of high concentration.
C is incorrect because both diffusion and osmosis is a form of passive transport
D is incorrect because the descriptions of osmosis and diffusion are swapped
Answer:
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with aberrations in genetic, morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics. A number of genes located on human chromosome 21 (HSA21) encode proteins which are thought to be involved in numerous metabolic pathways, e.g., phosphofructokinase, cystathionine β-synthase etc. Perturbations of the metabolic pathways may lead to altered drug metabolism in DS individuals. We present a review of metabolic aberrations linked to HSA21 genes in DS. We particularly focus on drug disposition, efficacy, sensitivity and toxicity of anti-leukaemic agents including methotrexate, glucocorticoids, anthracyclines and cytarabine in DS leukaemia. The different outcomes of therapy due to differential drug response, varied drug toxicity and treatment related mortality in DS leukaemia is a subject of much research and speculation. Altered drug response in DS individuals may stem from differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics. Further large-cohort studies in different age groups dissecting metabolic and molecular pathways involved in drug response may increase our understanding in this regard and stipulate pharmacotherapies in DS.
Answer:
Here Hassani shares his top 10 outstanding Muslim inventions:
Surgery. Around the year 1,000, the celebrated doctor Al Zahrawi published a 1,500 page illustrated encyclopedia of surgery that was used in Europe as a medical reference for the next 500 years. ...
Coffee. ...
Flying machine. ...
University. ...
Algebra. ...
Optics. ...
Music. ...
Toothbrush.
Explanation:
Interesting question.
"They are prokaryotes" - YES, both bacteria and Archaea are considered prokaryotes
"They reproduce by binary fission" - YES, but keep in mind (in case your teacher drops this on you in a quiz or exam) that Archaea do not form spores, which many bacteria are capable of
"They are believed to be the ancestors of plants" - ?? Not sure. If I had to guess, I would go with NO, since the general consensus is that plants developed from green algae. Check your class notes.
"They have a cell membrane made of unusual lipids" - NO, only Archaea have that (they possess unusual ether lipids as part of their cell membranes, which bacteria do not)
Hope this helps!
Good luck.
