Discrimination, wars, poverty
Andrew Johnson extended a general pardon of citizens of the South in the form of the grant of an amnesty, subject to several exceptions: officers or diplomats of the Confederate;those who left US judicial stations to help rebels;those above certain rank, such as Colonel; etc., in general denying the pardon to those who had more responsability in the rebellion.
The enlightenment of the 18th century brought about new ways of thinking regarding religion and politics enlightenment ideas about religion and society shaped the policies of the french revolution
I think its mathematics,i could be wrong but i would mathematics
