Question

Which two European Enlightenment thinkers influenced Latin America’s revolutionary leaders?

Answer 1

The correct answers are

• John Locke
• Jean Jacques Rousseau

The age of Enlightment, was the age of scientific thinking and of reason and it broke with centuries of religious dogmatism and with the many institutions of the Ancient regime that laid on those foundations, such as the absolute monarchies. These ruled most Western European countries, and many were derrocated by the revolutions that ocurred in many countries such as in France (the French Revolution). Revolutionaries followed the social contract principle developed by Rousseau and Locke, and claimed for popular sovereignty and for their right of citizens of electing political representatives through suffrage.

The National Assembly was a chamber founded by the representatives of the Third Estate, who denounced the lack of representation they enjoyed on the kings's former assembly, known as the Estates General. This old assembly did not pay attention to the needs of the Third Estate and hence, it did not listen to the majority of the unprivileged population in the nation, who formed the Third Estate. The Third State founded the National Assembly, revolted against the king and his absolute power and enacted a new Constitution that included new rights for French citizens. They claimed for popular sovereignty and for the right of citizens to elect their representatives through suffrage.

The ideas of the French Revolution, specially the popular sovereignty claims, inspired the subsequent American revolution. Americans did not want to be ruled by foreign kings that they have not been chosen by citizens.

Answer 2

John Locke

Jean Jacques Rousseau

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