The boundary layer thickness is usually defined as the distance from the wall to the point where the flow velocity reaches 99 % of the free stream value.
In the very thin boundary layer associated with free stream flows with high Reynolds numbers, a steep rise in velocity occurs perpendicular to the wall.
Boundary layer thickness = 0.37*Distance on x-axis/(Reynolds Number^(1/5))
δ = 0.37*x/(Re^(1/5))
This formula uses 3 Variables:
Variables Used
Boundary layer thickness - (Measured in Meter) - Boundary layer thickness is the distance normal to the wall to a point where the flow velocity has essentially reached the 'asymptotic' velocity.
Distance on x-axis - (Measured in Meter) - Distance on x-axis is the distance of point measured along x-axis form origin.
Reynolds Number - The Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within a fluid which is subjected to relative internal movement due to different fluid velocities. A region where these forces change behavior is known as a boundary layer, such as the bounding surface in the interior of a pipe.
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Answer: Spending analysis
Explanation: Quantitative review in an individual's spending usually include observation of figures which include the amount spent on the purchase of a number of items. Studying data from purchases made by an individual from a quantitative perspective may be necessary in other to determine efficient cash and financial management as it involves careful analysis of spending with respect to the number of returns received. Spending analysis may be very useful when trying to improve the number or amount of items or goods purchased from a designated amount or budget.
Answer:
GLACIAL DEPOSITS
Today, glacial deposits formed during the Permo-Carboniferous glaciation (about 300 million years ago) are found in Antarctica, Africa, South America, India and Australia. If the continents haven’t moved, then this would suggest an ice sheet extended from the south pole to the equator at this time - which is unlikely as the UK at this time was also close to the equator and has extensive coal and limestone deposits. If the continents of the southern hemisphere are re-assembled near the south pole, then the Permo-Carboniferous ice sheet assumes a much more reasonable size.
More evidence comes from glacial striations – scratches on the bedrock made by blocks of rock embedded in the ice as the glacier moves. These show the direction of the glacier, and suggest the ice flowed from a single central point.
Answer: First, hunter-gatherers enjoyed a varied diet, while early farmers obtained most of their food from one or a few starchy crops. ... Second, because of dependence on a limited number of crops, farmers ran the risk of starvation if one crop failed.
Farming meant that people did not need to travel to find food. Instead, they began to live in settled communities, and grew crops or raised animals on nearby land. They built stronger, more permanent homes and surrounded their settlements with walls to protect themselves.
C. personalities, often involving anger and ego clashes
