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The ability to call up the national guard for state emergency
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During the period of Reconstruction, which lasted from 1865 to 1877, Congress passed and enforced laws that promoted civil and political rights for African Americans across the South. Most notable among the laws Congress passed were three Amendments to the US Constitution: the Thirteenth Amendment (1865) ended slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment (1868) guaranteed African Americans the rights of American citizenship, and the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) guaranteed black men the constitutional right to vote.
African Americans actively took up the rights, opportunities, and responsibilities of citizenship. During Reconstruction, seven hundred African American men served in elected public office, among them two United States Senators, and fourteen members of the United States House of Representatives. Another thirteen hundred African American men and women held appointed government jobs.
Led by Republicans in Congress, the federal government insisted on civil and political rights for African Americans in the face of fierce resistance by southern whites. Federal military occupation of the defeated Confederacy ensured African Americans' civil and political rights.
Countries trade with each other when, on their own, they do not have the resources, or capacity to satisfy their own needs and wants. By developing and exploiting their domestic scarce resources, countries can produce a surplus, and trade this for the resources they need.
<span>Catt’s “Winning Plan,” suffrage in some Eastern states, the Nineteenth Amendment suffrage
The "Winning Plan" was Catt's plan to use women in states where they had suffrage rights to push for state support of a federal women's suffrage amendment. Catt believed the best way to get a federal amendment was to get states on board first. a couple of states east of the Mississippi River granted women the right to vote as a result of their involvement in the suffrage movement. The 19th Amendment was passed in 1920 as the final step to earning women the right to vote. </span>
