Mutations are caused by changes in nucleotide bases. these altered base formed different amino acid depending upon nucleotide base sequence that code specific amino acid. ... even though some mutations, can have a more effect on amino acid coding, which can affect what kind of proteins are produced.
A phylogeny is an evolutionary ”tree” of related
organisms that can be constructed by using
information obtained from the genetic material.
Genetic information is contained in all living cells,
in the form of long DNA molecules that take the
shape of connected double- stranded spirals
(DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA
spirals, or “helixes”, are tightly compressed in the
nucleus of every cell. Their information is
organized into a code made up of four small
molecules — the building blocks of DNA. The
molecules, called nucleotides, are labelled:
A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine) and T
(thymine).
It is possible to draw conclusions about the
evolution of a group of plant or animal species,
and the relationships among them, by comparing
selected pieces of DNA.
Answer:
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and carry instructions for the functioning of the cell.
Organ system is the most complex in organization
The period during which the presence of stromatolites decline is the Proterzoic period. Stromatolites are widely distributed sedimentary structures consisting of laminated carbonate or silicate rocks, produced over geologic time by the trapping, binding, or the precipitating of sediment by groups of microorganisms, primarily cyanobacteria.
