I believe it would be
1. A -gerunds are verbs that function as nouns.
2. A- Texting is a descriptor, not a verb or noun.
3. B - "to skydive" is not describing anything. rather, its mentioning an activity (noun- a thing).
The sentence: (c.) The children enjoy climbing on the playground equipment, is a sentence that uses the word climbing as a gerund. That is because climbing is directly appointed or connected to the playground equipment. A gerund is a word that is in the form of verb but acting as a noun.
I don’t quite understand what you mean by your question but I am guessing you are asking for sentences for each word. Hope this helps.
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Valid- There is not a valid excuse for the stunt she pulled.
Formulate- The two boys went on their way, trying to formulate an apology for the other, so that when they see each other the next day they could make amends.
Logical- It is in your best interest to think like a logical human being in these types of situations.
Read part of the passage Then pause to check understanding then use a strategy then reread then keep reading.
Hope this is correct and hope this helps
Answer:
How does the structure of this excerpt contribute to the central idea that the firefighters did not have the proper equipment to fight the fire?
Explanation: