Environmental changes (such as a natural disaster) may cause adaptive responses in organisms, such as the Galapagos finches. Due to the islands getting hard-hit by natural disasters, the once-same species of finch were isolated in separate islands. Each generation, through natural selection, adapted to their new environment. For example, their wingspans differed, and their beak shape adapted to their source of food in their separate environments (ranging from big beaks for seeds to narrow beaks for insects).
If a light is traveling straight up out of the ocean, then moves out of the air it will become less refracted because it is moving to a far less-dense medium, meaning the image will not be distorted.
