Answer:
5. Agriculture flourished in each of them.
6. Neolithic Revolution
Explanation:
Early civilizations were able to rise on account of the Neolithic Revolution which saw humans begin to utilize agriculture to feed its population. This led to more people being born due to the food security and the establishment of social structures that led to early civilization.
The civilizations shown the maps were able to rise due to the presence of agriculture in their areas. For instance, the fertile soils of the Nile and te Tigris and Euphrates allowed for the establishment of the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations.
It is hard to say without looking at your source (textbook or article if you have one associated with this question) but in the most recent studies, it has been Islam.
The media is something that has become more widespread and is easily accessible. People can post their opinions in get it to a large crowd in a short amount of time.
Answer: retrograde motion
Retrograde motion is an apparent change in the movement of the planet through the sky. It isn't real in that the planet doesn't physically start moving backwards in its orbit. It just appears to do so because of the relative positions of the planet and Earth and how they're moving around the Sun.