Chester Alan Arthur is the answer
D. the sinking of the British ocean liner, <em>Lusitania.</em>
When a German U-boat (submarine) sank the <em>Lusitania </em>in May, 1915, over 1,000 persons were killed, including more than 100 Americans. The passenger liner was targeted by the Germans because they suspected weapons were being shipped to Britain in the cargo hold of the ship.
As an example of American feeling after the <em>Lusitania </em>incident, consider the reaction of Gifford Pinchot. He had been the Chief of the US Forestry Service (from 1905 to 1910) , and was quoted in the New York Times in May, 1915, after he had just recently returned from Europe. He asserted that Americans on the<em> Lusitania</em> (along with other passengers) were killed because an autocratic military empire was trying to dominate nations that were self-governing. His characterization of German intentions would mirror how President Woodrow Wilson later called on the USA to enter the war to "make the world safe for democracy."
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My answer is all of the above
No, it was Marbury vs. Madison that set Judicial review. Even if it isn't Marbury vs. Madison, it's definitely not Miranda vs. Arizona.
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The Ming dynasty 明 (1368-1644) dealt with the Mongol tribes according to the ancient pattern of "using barbarians to fight against the barbarians" (yi yi zhi yi 以夷治夷, or similar), and supported one tribe against the other, thus provoking inter-tribal fights which diverted the Mongols from raids on Chinese land.
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^v^