Answer:
based on ability only, not rank or birth
Explanation:
Napoleon Bonaparte was a prominent military leader during the <em>"French Revolution."</em> He reformed the French "bureaucracy" under his leadership by<u> appointing the members according to their abilities and not by rank or birth</u>. This allowed the citizens to have more equal opportunities of being chosen. So, this means that <em>even the </em><em>middle class</em><em> were given the chance to be appointed. </em>
Under his leadership, a new kind of aristocracy was made. This was based on "merit in the state service." So, this gave the <u>people in the military</u> and <u>people who hold upper ranks in the civil service</u> to become part of the noble class.
So, this explains the answer.
