A hypothesis is formed after observing but before the expiriment D the last option
No entiendo correctamente.
The kingdom of a species means that it has it has been classified by its characteristics that may be vague or not clear and species is when an animal is classified in deeper detail and not buy vague characteristics such as a cat is related to a lion to let the cat species but it's classified in deeper detail
In terms of communication, information is expressed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation. That which is perceived can be construed as a message in its own right, and in that sense, information is always conveyed as the content of a message.
Information can be encoded into various forms for transmission and interpretation (for example, information may be encoded into a sequence of signs, or transmitted via a signal). It can also be encrypted for safe storage and communication.
